Aras Part Medical International Press International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 2766-6492 7 1 2026 03 08 Diversity of Intestinal Parasites in Ostriches Struthio camelus Linnaeus, 1758 by Using Routine Parasitological Techniques and PCR in Iraq 4 10 10.34172/ijmpes.6229 EN Zainab A. Makawi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1136-9121 Maryam M Al-Khaiat https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3068-6937 Hiba Mohammed Jihad https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4330-9350 Journal Article 10.34172/ijmpes.6229 2025 12 12 2025 12 31 Introduction: Ostrich farming has emerged as a new livestock industry in Iraq, but scientists lack sufficient information on health concerns, including intestinal parasites that cause significant production losses and financial instability over extended periods. Methods: Researchers collected 150 fecal samples from ostriches that dwelled in central and southern Iraq for microscopic examination of intestinal parasite occurrence. Results: The six parasite species included Entamoeba sp., which made up 26.66% of the population, and Cryptosporidium sp. at 11.33%, Ascaridia galli at 10%, Giardia sp. at 4.6%, Raillietina sp. at 2%, and Trichostrongyl. Molecular analysis was performed on a subset of positive samples because Entamoeba sp. is highly prevalent. PCR amplification of the 18S rRNA gene revealed fragments of approximately 579 bp for Entamoeba struthionis (IDs: PV019353.1, PV019354.1), Entamoeba polecki (IDs: PV019355.1, PV019356.1), and Entamoeba sp. (ID: PV019357.1), the first time in Iraq. The NCBI database now has these sequences. Conclusion: The current study concluded that molecular diagnostics in ostrich health management are crucial for early detection, precise treatment, and improved productivity. Regular monitoring is recommended to promote sustainable ostrich farming in Iraq.